Transportation works to ease fears about new AI air traffic control tool

The Transportation Department’s request to receive an additional $30 billion from Congress to push its massive air traffic control modernization project across the finish line would include new funding to finish overhauling existing IT systems and deploying new artificial intelligence capabilities. 

Reactions to the recent rollout of new AI capabilities at Washington, D.C.-region airports, however, has underscored some of the broader national concerns about relying more on advanced technologies, with officials having to go out of their way to ease worries about the tools.

Transportation and the Federal Aviation Administration, which is overseeing the ambitious effort to modernize management of U.S. airspace, announced on Sept. 22 that they officially rolled out a new AI-powered tool for Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, Dulles International Airport and Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport that combines 200 different data streams into one system that can provide better flight traffic management. 

FAA said at the time that the Strategic Management of Airspace, Routes and Trajectories — or SMART — tool synthesizes information like flight paths and weather patterns “to provide a comprehensive visualization of where planes are going, how much traffic the system can handle, and where congestion or weather could cause challenges.”

During a Monday press conference announcing the department’s request for $30 billion, Transportation Secretary Duffy cited SMART’s recent deployment and said it is “giving different tools to be predictive in what we not just see at this moment, but what we see in the future, because we want to deliver better for the American people, reduce their delays and reduce their cancelations.”

Duffy added, however, that while new tools like SMART can help enhance air traffic control management, the FAA's continued reliance on outdated systems means that more underlying tech modernization efforts are needed. 

“I can operate SMART on that old operating system, but I want a new operating system so I can give new tools to the air traffic controllers,” he said.

Despite Transportation’s excitement about further deployments of the SMART tool, the fact that it is AI-powered has led to some unease from lawmakers and others. 

Last month, prior to SMART’s rollout, Politico reported that airline industry officials had been “panicking” about the tool’s integration with other air traffic control systems before the FAA ultimately alleviated their concerns about the new capability. 

Rep. Don Beyer, D-Va., who represents the congressional district in which Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport is situated, expressed similar concerns and released a statement the day before the SMART tool was deployed that called for its impending rollout to be suspended, saying that “the FAA should not use my constituents as guinea pigs for an unproven AI air traffic control system.”

In an interview with Nextgov/FCW following SMART’s rollout at the D.C.-area airports, Beyer referenced growing global concerns about the capabilities of more advanced AI models and said his office received feedback expressing similar misgivings about the tool’s deployment.

“If it was just the constituents it would be one thing, but then the air traffic controllers were jumping in saying, ‘Hey, we don't know anything about this. We've not been part of the design. We didn't see anything ahead of time. We found that at the same time you did that it’s going to suddenly be made operational,’” he said.

Beyer said he subsequently spoke with FAA Administrator Bryan Bedford to share his concerns and had “a good conversation” with him about the SMART tool, including how it was created. 

In a statement to Nextgov/FCW, the National Air Traffic Controllers Association said it “has not been involved in the design, testing or implementation of SMART and therefore cannot speak to its effect on the air traffic control workforce at this time.”

But Beyer said Bedford was reassuring and told him that the tool was instead designed by air traffic controllers who were the “30- and 40-year guys who've been doing it all their lives.” He added that Bedford also said SMART is operating at the D.C. region’s Terminal Radar Approach Control facility in Warrenton, Virginia, and not within the towers at Dulles or National airports. 

“I think the feedback was you almost need big, busy airports in order to generate enough information to make AI relevant,” Beyer said about SMART first being deployed for the large airports in the Washington, D.C. region, instead of being piloted at smaller airports.

He added that he told Bedford “it would have been good to explain that to the American public,” particularly given the current global discussion around new AI capabilities. 

In response to a request for comment, Transportation pointed to a Sept. 22 tweet from Duffy, in which he reposted Beyer’s release expressing concerns about the tool’s deployment and wrote: “Here’s the truth: HUMANS still control the airspace and HUMANS still make the calls. With SMART, we are giving air traffic controllers new technology and better data to make critical decisions.”

In a Fox News clip that was shared with the post, Duffy called SMART “a tool that’s used to better manage traffic” and said air traffic controllers “are the ones who will always manage airspace.”

Recent high-profile incidents where frontier AI models have taken undirected action — including one case in which OpenAI agents escaped from their testing environment and hacked into Hugging Face on their own volition — have exacerbated concerns from tech executives, lawmakers and others about whether guardrails are needed on advanced AI technologies. 

President Donald Trump has been vocal about his desire to not overregulate the AI sector to ensure that the U.S. continues to outpace China in development of the technologies.

Duffy has previously drawn a distinction between the frontier models that have raised alarms from some sectors and the AI tools being used to help modernize the nation’s air traffic control systems. 

During an event hosted by the National Artificial Intelligence Association in Washington, D.C. last month, Duffy said the air traffic control system upgrades are “going to be driven not by the most complicated AI, but AI that will provide information to [controllers], and will, I think, have a huge impact on the flying public.”

He also stressed that AI capabilities will never replace human air traffic controllers — a sentiment that the National Air Traffic Controllers Association similarly expressed.

“NATCA believes any new technology should complement and not replace the experience, training, and professional judgment of air traffic controllers who are responsible for the safety of the National Airspace System,” the association said.